Architecture

Energy needs in our rapidly developing world constantly escalate. Especially after the
industrial revolution these needs have been satisfied of fossil fuels. However, energy
generation by fossil fuels bears byproducts causing serious environmental damage.
Inattentively excessive usage of these sources specifically brings about great danger to
nature and our future. Currently the effects of the damage are observed explicitly and
have been disturbing our daily lives; ergo, immediate measures ought to be taken and
regulations of energy generation and consumption to be made. Executing these
regulations is relatively easier for developing and evolving countries such as Turkey with
respect to developed countries.
Environment friendly energy generation techniques need to be sought and examined.
Existing energy needs should be covered with sources which do not harm nature and their
utilization should be improved. Meanwhile in order to achieve proliferation and adoption
of alternative sources by the society certain practices need to be introduced.
The sun is the biggest and cleanest renewable energy source we have. Usage of sun energy
instead of fuel for heating of the buildings is investigated primarily in this study. Taking
advantage of the fact that solar radiation exposure period is long in Turkey due to
geographical properties, passive use of the sun is investigated thoroughly.
Examinations have been done to lay out the results of passive use of the sun in conditions
of Turkey. Buildings from places with similar weather conditions to Turkey and buildings
constructed in Turkey were analyzed with different methods by computer software. As
the output report of the analyses were compared and evaluated, the studies were
concluded.

1980 sonrasında küreselleşmenin yeni dinamikleri, sermayenin artan hareketliliği ve ekonominin yeniden yapılanmasının sosyal ve mekansal yansımalarının en belirgin biçimde ortaya çıktığı alanlar kentler olmuştur. Bu perspektiften bakıldığında 1970’lerin ortalarında başlayan dönüşümün izlerini 1980’lerin ve 1990’ların kent mekanlarında sürmek zor değildir. Yerel yönetimler açısından 1980 sonrasına damgasını vuran olgu ise merkezi-yerel yönetim ilişkilerinin yeniden yapılandırılmasıyla gelen desantralizasyon, artan rekabet ortamı içinde kent ekonomilerin içine girdiği darboğaz ve bir önceki dönemin refah devleti politikalarının gittikçe zayıflaması nedeniyle merkezi yönetimlerden gelen maddi kaynakların gittikçe erimesidir. Dolayısıyla son 20 yılda başta İngiltere olmak üzere Batı Avrupa’da, örnekleri uzun süredir Amerika’da görülmekte olan kamu-özel sektör ortaklıkları ile paralellikler gösteren uygulamalar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreç aynı zamanda Amerika ve Batı Avrupa’daki kentsel politikalar ve kamu-özel sektör ilişkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyen bir çok akademik çalışmaya da zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışmada yukarıda çizilen çerçeve içinde, kamu-özel sektör ortaklıklarının kavramsal tanımı,  Amerika ve  Batı Avrupa’da görülen kamu-özel sektör ortaklıklarının benzerlik ve farklılıklarının gerisindeki nedensellikler  ve 1980 sonrasında Batı Avrupa’da oluşturulan yeniden canlandırma stratejilerinde oluşturulan  ortaklıkların genel özelliklerine değinilecektir.

The geographical location of Turkey in general, and Istanbul in particular, in a wider region encompassing the Black Sea, Balkans, Caucasus and Middle East provides an absolute advantage for the city to become an important international logistics node. Recent research has also identified Turkey as the fifth largest logistics market in the world. Therefore, promoting Istanbul as a logistics center of international importance has been high on the agenda of the Turkish central government, city authorities, and interest groups in recent years. To achieve this aim, local and central governments have been sponsoring new infrastructural projects to strengthen the position of the city as a world-class logistics center. However, other research has pointed to serious problems resulting from legislative shortcomings, lack of coordination among public bodies, mistakes in implementation, and insufficiencies in infrastructure and human capital. This article is based on a research project involving logistics firms in Istanbul designed to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of Istanbul in its quest to become as a logistics center serving a wider region beyond Turkey. The results of the interviews and survey have shown that today, logistics activity in the Marmara region (and Istanbul in particular) is mainly the result of economic activities taking place in a national context, rather than the result of entrepôt or logistics node operations at a regional or global level. In the promotional literature of public authorities, nevertheless, ’links with Turkic republics’ and ’a bridge between Europe and Asia’ are repeatedly referred to, despite their diminishing relevance to the operational requirements of Turkish logistics companies. Bureaucratic and legislative implementation deficiencies, and consequent transport shortcomings seem to occupy a more concrete and higher place on their agenda for the growth of logistics service provision. Policy formation needs to recognize this ordering of priorities in order to integrate economic and urban planning more effectively.